Houghton Mifflin Social Studies
Chapter 12, Lesson 4, The Long March to Surrender (pp. 362-367)
I. The Final Tally
B. Many Civil War deaths were caused by inadequate medical care after
injury in battle, and by new weapons such as the repeater rifle,
machine gun, water mines, and gas shells.
C. In the summer of 1864, Union Generals Sherman and Sheridan marched
through the South, destroying, using, or taking anything of value from
Southern civilians to destroy Southerners' fighting spirit.
II. Surrender at Appomattox
B. On April 9, 1865 General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General
Ulysses S. Grant at the village of Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
C. Grant's terms of surrender were generous: he set Lee's troops
free, provided them with food, and allowed them to keep their horses
and mules.
Lesson at a Glance Outline
A. Towards the end of the war, Northern generals began using harsher
tactics, known as "total war," to force the South to surrender.
A. By the spring of 1865, Southern forces had to retreat from Richmond,
the Confederate capital, and they realized they could not win the war.
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