Houghton Mifflin Social Studies
Chapter 12, Lesson 2, A Nation at War (pp. 347-354)
I. Two Commanders-in-Chief Take Stock
B. Lincoln had to replace several unsuccessful generals before he put
Ulysses S. Grant in charge of the Union forces in 1864.
C. Lincoln's early decisions on slavery angered both proslavery and
antislavery groups.
II. War Rages On
B. As the war continued, both sides lost lives and property,
and many families had members who fought on opposite sides.
III. The President Proclaims an End to Slavery
B. The Emancipation Proclamation made it possible for former
slaves and free blacks to join the Northern army.
C. Thousands of blacks served in the Northern forces, creating
great pride among black citizens.
IV. The Hinge of Fate
B. The Union victory at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania was a major step
toward the North's ultimate victory.
Lesson at a Glance Outline
A. Though from different backgrounds, both President Lincoln and Confederate
President Davis were both moderates who disapproved of extreme views.
A. By the fall of 1862, many people had been injured or killed,
but the war was not likely to end soon.
A. Needing to broaden the reasons for remaining at war, Lincoln
emancipated (freed) the slaves in the Confederate states.
A. After losing important battles early in the war, the Northern
troops took Vicksburg, Mississippi in 1863, which allowed the Union
to blockade Southern trade along the Mississippi River.
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