Houghton Mifflin Social Studies
Chapter 11, Lesson 3, The Crusades (pp. 295-302)
I. The Crusades Begin
B. Pope Urban urged the Christian Western Europeans to go to war
against the Muslims for three reasons: to win the Holy Land from the Muslims, to reunite the Western and Eastern Christians under his rule, and to stop the knights from fighting among themselves.
C. The crusaders mostly marched on foot or rode on horseback to
the Holy Land.
D. After the First Crusade, the Europeans established crusader
states and protective castles from Antioch to Jerusalem.
II. Muslims Regain the Holy Land
B. In the late 1100s, Saladin led the Muslim forces to defeat the
Christians of the crusader states and retake Jerusalem.
C. After Saladin's victory, Christians launched the Third Crusade,
led by the kings of Germany, England, and France. They
did not capture Jerusalem, but signed a five-year peace treaty
with the Muslims.
D. The Fourth Crusade was a disaster for the Byzantine Empire,
as the crusaders ransacked Constantinople.
III. The Crusades Affect the West
B. Western Europe benefited from the Crusades through increased
contact with the more advanced Byzantine and Muslim cultures,
increased trade, and improved technology.
Lesson at a Glance Outline
A. The crusades were Christian religious wars against Muslims in
the Holy Land during the period between 1096 and 1270.
A. When Muslims began to overpower the crusader states, Christians
launched the Second Crusade, which was defeated.
A. The Crusades had several negative effects on Europe, as some
crusaders were only interested in killing Muslims and Jews and thieving.
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