Houghton Mifflin Social Studies
Chapter 13, Lesson 2: The Rise of the Republic (pp. 406-411)
I. Patricians and Plebeians
B. Consuls, the leaders in place of a king, were elected by a citizen assembly and advised by the Senate.
C. Roman society was made up of patricians and plebeians, who were citizens; and slaves, who had no rights.
II. Struggle for Rights
B. In the 300s B.C., the plebeians obtained more rights, such as the right to become members of the Senate.
C. In 287 B.C., after more than 200 years of struggle and once more withdrawing from the city, the plebeians obtained equality under Roman law.
B. The consuls were advised by the Senate, which controlled the treasury and foreign policy.
C. Laws proposed by the Senate could be approved or disapproved by the citizens' assemblies.
B. By 338 B.C. Rome had conquered Latium and Etruria, and by 275 B.C., Rome ruled the whole Italian peninsula.
C. Rome did not punish the people it conquered, but instead made them allies.
Lesson at a Glance Outline
A. With the overthrow of the last Etruscan king, Romans adopted the republican form of government.
A. In 494 B.C. the plebeians demanded greater rights by withdrawing from the city, forming their own assembly, and electing their own leaders.
III. Roman Government
A. The Roman government and the army were managed by two consuls, a patrician and a plebeian.
IV. Early Expansion
A. Year after year, the Roman army marched off to expand the area under Roman control.
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