Houghton Mifflin Social Studies
Lesson at a Glance Outline
Chapter 19, Lesson 4: Reconstruction (pp. 494-499)
I. New Lives
B. Many African Americans became sharecroppers, farming small pieces of land and paying rent to white landowners in return.
C. The white owners often exploited the sharecroppers.
II. Educating a New Society
B. African Americans supported new schools and founded colleges.
III. Conflict Over Reuniting
B. Anxious to protect the freed slaves, Congress passed laws to guarantee their civil rights and took control of southern state government.
C. The result of the conflict between Congress and Johnson was that Johnson was impeached in the House of Representatives but acquitted in a Senate trial.
IV. Changes in Politics
B. Some white southerners formed the Ku Klux Klan, a secret group that harassed and murdered African Americans and their supporters.
V. The End of Reconstruction
B. In 1876, the southern states agreed to accept Rutherford B. Hayes as President. In return, the North withdrew the last soldiers from the South.
C. Hopes for equality faded, and a system of segregation, or separation of the races, began, which would last for many years.
A. Freed African Americans hoped to receive land to start farms when the large plantations were broken up. However, this never happened.
A. The Freedmen's Bureau helped educate African Americans who had not been allowed to learn to read and write in the past.
A. Lincoln's successor, Andrew Johnson, was a southerner who had little interest in helping African Americans and gave power back to former Confederate leaders.
A. Under Congressional Reconstruction, former slaves gained the right to vote and held political power.
A. After Grant became President in 1869, white Democrats began to regain political power in the South.
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