Houghton Mifflin Social Studies
Chapter 19, Lesson 1: Outbreak of the War (pp. 476-482)
I. North and South
B. Many northerners wanted to preserve the Union. Many southerners fought for states? rights.
C. The North expected the war to be short because it had more men and industry than the South, but the South had more experienced generals and southerners fought fiercely when invaded.
II. Early Battles
B. The Union's "anaconda plan" was to squeeze the strength from the South by blockading ports, taking control of the Mississippi, and capturing Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital.
C. One of the South's plans was to destroy Union ships with the ironsided Merrimack.
D. The Union army invaded Virginia, but the Confederate troops under Robert E. Lee prevented them from taking Richmond.
III. A Soldier's Life
B. Many African American soldiers fought for the North. They fought in separate units and were not treated as well as white soldiers.
C. Women nursed soldiers on the field and in hospitals. Some served as spies.
D. Many American Indians and Hispanic Americans fought in both armies.
Lesson at a Glance Outline
A. A total of eleven states eventually joined the Confederacy.
A. The Confederate victory at the Battle of Bull Run showed the North the war would not be over quickly.
A. Soldiers suffered from hunger, homesickness, weariness, boredom, and disease.
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