Houghton Mifflin Social Studies
Chapter 18, Lesson 1: Crisis and Compromise (pp. 444-449)
I. The Balance of Power
B. Delegates from the North and South came to a compromise regarding the slave population -- that three-fifths of the slaves in each state would be counted in deciding the number of representatives for the state. This was called the First Compromise.
C. Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which made slavery illegal in the territories north of the Ohio River.
D. The free states (north of the Ohio River) became a place of growing cities and industries; the slave states (south of the Ohio River) grew in agriculture and continued to prosper.
II. Conflict over the Territories
B. North and South strongly disagreed over whether Missouri should be a slave state.
C. Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, convinced both sides to agree to a "Missouri Compromise," which made Missouri a slave state and Maine a free state. Free states and slave states were again equally represented in the Senate, but tensions remained.
B. In 1845, Texas became a slave state. But four years later, southerners were upset when California applied as a free state.
C. Under the Compromise of 1850, California was admitted as a free state, and slavery was allowed in the New Mexico and Utah territories.
Lesson at a Glance Outline
A. The Constitutional Convention of 1787 decided that a state's population would determine how many representatives a state could send to Congress.
A. In 1819, the number of slave states and free states was equal. But the balance was changing.
III. Expansion and Compromise
A. After the Missouri Compromise, northern industries thrived; cotton became a profitable crop in the South; and in the West, the US and Mexico fought a war over Texas.
Copyright © 1999 Houghton Mifflin Company. All Rights Reserved.