Houghton Mifflin Social Studies
Chapter 5, Lesson 4: Gold Mining (pp. 125-129)
I. Finding a Mine
B. Miners chased Indians away or killed them to get their land.
II. Mining for Gold
B. Pairs of miners often used a rocker that was a wooden box with a tray underneath it.
C. A new method, called hydraulic mining, allowed miners to get at gold buried deeper in the ground.
B. The miners' failure was made worse by the hard life at the mines.
Lesson at a Glance Outline
A. The first thing a miner did was find some land and make a miner's claim on that land.
A. With the panning method, a miner separated dirt and gold in a flat-bottomed pan.
III. Living in the Mines
A. While some forty-niners struck it rich, many made little money.
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