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A Research-Based Framework for Houghton Mifflin Reading Grades K–8

Introduction

Foundations for Learning to Read

1. Oral Language
2. Knowledge of Letter Names
3. Phonological/Phonemic Awareness
4. Concepts of Print

1. Phonics/Sequential Decoding
2. Analogy
3. Context
4. Instant Word Recognition

1. Vocabulary and Background Knowledge
2. Strategic Reading

The Research-Based Framework for Grades 4–8

Introduction

Foundations for Learning to Read: Oral Language

Decoding Skills: Word Identification and Fluency

Developing Reading Comprehension

1. Prior Knowledge, Background, and Vocabulary
2. Strategic Reading
3. Vocabulary Development